THE TED WONG JEET BARI Kune DO YOU WISH TO ALL A GOOD YEAR WITH THE HOPE THAT THE NEW YEAR TAKES YOU SO MUCH PEACE OF MIND 'new opportunities' AND PROSPERITY' IN LIFE .....
I fervently hope
Luigi Clemente
Friday, December 31, 2010
Friday, December 24, 2010
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MERRY CHRISTMAS
"Mary gave birth to her firstborn son, wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the. The angel told the shepherds: "Fear not! you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all people, you is born in the city of David a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord. This sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger. "(Lk 2, 7. 10 - 12)
Luigi Clemente
Greek Sorority Initiation Stories
Homenage Ted Wong
This video is dedicated to Master Ted Wong .......
name, references, images, symbols, logos and Marks, associate Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
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TWJKD BARI - SPARRING 2
This video is dedicated to my sparring with my student Mauritius JKD Training ...
This video is dedicated to my sparring with my student Mauritius JKD Training ...
name, references, images, symbols, logos and brands, coupled with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
Thursday, December 23, 2010
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TWJKD BARI - SPARRING
Il nome,i riferimenti, immagini, simboli, logo e marchi, associati a Ted Wong sono di proprietà di Ted Wong e sono utilizzati dal JEET KUNE DO - C.A.A.M. con l'esplicito permesso di Ted Wong.
This video is dedicated to jkd sparring with Jonny and Maureen and Walter and Vincenzo My grand student Of JKD BARI
Il nome,i riferimenti, immagini, simboli, logo e marchi, associati a Ted Wong sono di proprietà di Ted Wong e sono utilizzati dal JEET KUNE DO - C.A.A.M. con l'esplicito permesso di Ted Wong.
Nessun contenuto può essere estratto o utilizzato con qualsiasi mezzo, in tutto o in parte, senza l'espressa autorizzazione di Ted Wong. Tutti gli altri marchi appartengono ai legittimi proprietari
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
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A tribute to my dear friend and Master Ted Wong
Era sempre un piacere parlare con Ted Wong ogni volta che veniva a trovarci in Italia per gli stage, e quando lo vedevo, sentivo parlare o esprimere i principi del JKD mi emozionavo strongly. I had the honor of being his friend and student for seven years and I have shared wonderful moments with him not only from the point of view but also the dialogues after martial training, when I went to dinner and talked about various things and more .. repeatedly expressed his praise for me and has always encouraged me to train with seriousness and perseverance to become an heir of his teachings. When I met him for the first time in 2003 there was now feeling between us and installed a beautiful relationship of friendship that continued until the day of his death. A beautiful memory I have of him, when he was in 2003 in Genoa during the stage came up to me and told me if I wanted to practice with him, I became cold at that moment and I agreed with enthusiasm. ... exercise after exercise he taught me, sent with his whole being and I learn with all my heart his wisdom. Teaching the art of Bruce Lee was his life, his mission and continued until the end. An anecdotal funny that I have of him was when we went to dinner after the stage in 2003 with the group to eat a pizza, after supper he took the coffee and had a typical sweet before a flame emanating from Genoa. Seeing him try to extinguish the flame with a backfist (shot upside down) and suddenly the flame was extinguished and the coffee spilled on to the great amusement of all ... It was a beautiful experience with many memories that I carry always in my heart. It was not a common teacher, was a kindness and goodness that I've never found anywhere else. He was and is my inspiration, my guide, my role model in the martial arts as in life. Knowing of his death on November 24, a part of me died with him. ... But with the full responsibility of his teachings, I will continue to be his heir and teach his philosophy with the same passion and dedication that he showed me sent in all these years ... .. Thanks my dear friend and Master Ted Wong love you so and I promise you'll keep your flame alive, and I will train more and more for your one day become a worthy successor. ... Luigi Clemente - TWJKD - ITALY, BARI CAAM 
Era sempre un piacere parlare con Ted Wong ogni volta che veniva a trovarci in Italia per gli stage, e quando lo vedevo, sentivo parlare o esprimere i principi del JKD mi emozionavo strongly. I had the honor of being his friend and student for seven years and I have shared wonderful moments with him not only from the point of view but also the dialogues after martial training, when I went to dinner and talked about various things and more .. repeatedly expressed his praise for me and has always encouraged me to train with seriousness and perseverance to become an heir of his teachings. When I met him for the first time in 2003 there was now feeling between us and installed a beautiful relationship of friendship that continued until the day of his death. A beautiful memory I have of him, when he was in 2003 in Genoa during the stage came up to me and told me if I wanted to practice with him, I became cold at that moment and I agreed with enthusiasm. ... exercise after exercise he taught me, sent with his whole being and I learn with all my heart his wisdom. Teaching the art of Bruce Lee was his life, his mission and continued until the end. An anecdotal funny that I have of him was when we went to dinner after the stage in 2003 with the group to eat a pizza, after supper he took the coffee and had a typical sweet before a flame emanating from Genoa. Seeing him try to extinguish the flame with a backfist (shot upside down) and suddenly the flame was extinguished and the coffee spilled on to the great amusement of all ... It was a beautiful experience with many memories that I carry always in my heart. It was not a common teacher, was a kindness and goodness that I've never found anywhere else. He was and is my inspiration, my guide, my role model in the martial arts as in life. Knowing of his death on November 24, a part of me died with him. ... But with the full responsibility of his teachings, I will continue to be his heir and teach his philosophy with the same passion and dedication that he showed me sent in all these years ... .. Thanks my dear friend and Master Ted Wong love you so and I promise you'll keep your flame alive, and I will train more and more for your one day become a worthy successor. ... Luigi Clemente - TWJKD - ITALY, BARI CAAM Tuesday, December 14, 2010
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TWJKD BARI - Fancy Footwork
special classes dedicated to Ted Wong - This video is dedicated to the Footwork
Luigi Clemente
The name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
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TWJKD BARI - Variation of The Straight Lead
special classes dedicated to Ted Wong - Directed Video dedicated to changing with the front hand
Luigi Clemente
name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
Nessun contenuto può essere estratto o utilizzato con qualsiasi mezzo, in tutto o in parte, senza l'espressa autorizzazione di Ted Wong. Tutti gli altri marchi appartengono ai legittimi proprietari
Monday, December 13, 2010
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TWJKD BARI - Attack by combination
Lezione dedicata a Ted Wong - Luigi con Maurizio mentre si esercitano nella combinazione calcio - pugno - calcio e pugno - calcio - pugno
Lezione dedicata a Ted Wong - Luigi con Maurizio mentre si esercitano nella combinazione calcio - pugno - calcio e pugno - calcio - pugno
Luigi Clemente
Il nome, i riferimenti, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
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special classes dedicated to my Master Ted Wong
Jonni and Walter in action in footwork
Maurizio while educating new students
and Fabio Luigi
Fabio combination in football - fist
Special Lesson Dedicated To Memory of My Master Sifu Ted Wong
December 9, 2010
Group TWJKD BARI
Luigi and Fabio Footwork in
Directed by Walter with his lead hand (right)
Luke as running a direct
Luigi Clemente
The name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners
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New consumption, 20, (201), January-February 2011
Remember when Nausicaa, princess of the Phoenicians, goes to wash his clothes in the river, a trick of the gods to find them as soon as Ulysses tossed by the waves on the beach nearby? Homer, the author of this story about three thousand years ago, said that the princess and her friends to wash fabrics with pounding feet into a pit full of earth, because then you already knew that certain lands absorb grease and dirt from clothes; knowledge already spread everywhere in the ancient world in which they used to clean ground by fulling, a clay (sometimes containing an aluminum silicate, sodium, potassium, calcium), the tissues at both the domestic and, later, in the industry.
With the progress of industrialization have been found most suitable clays and the operation of milling, instead of hands and feet was done with suitable machines, fulling mills, operated the motion of water. Then the chemical knowledge have provided other materials for wash, then when it was discovered that the carbonates of potassium and sodium of the ashes of plants, other ingredients of the washing, could be produced artificially, there was the spread of the first factories of soda, by the early nineteenth century. Then the knowledge of chemistry have led to industrial soaps, sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids.
Then in the twentieth century it was discovered that some incidents of soap, the formation of insoluble calcium soaps in water, could be prevented by synthetic detergents, first chemically modified natural fatty acids (such as sulphates or sulphonates of fatty acids), then completely synthetic detergents made from materials prime derivate dal petrolio. Poi si è scoperto che alcuni detergenti sintetici erano “troppo perfetti” e restavano schiumosi nelle acque dei fiumi e dei laghi perché non erano degradati dai microrganismi presenti nelle acque naturali.
Ed è cominciato un cammino a ritroso. Si è visto che le materie petrolifere più economiche non erano adatte come detersivi domestici, e sono state emanate leggi che vietano la vendita di detergenti “non biodegradabili”; poi si è visto che i fosfati, altri “perfetti” additivi per il lavaggio, restavano nelle acque e provocavano la proliferazione delle alghe e il fenomeno della eutrofizzazione nei fiumi e nei laghi e sono state emanate leggi che impongono di limitarne la quantità. Poi si è visto che forse il vecchio “sapone”, che una volta si chiamava “sapone di Marsiglia”, non era poi tanto cattivo e sono comparsi dei preparati per lavare commerciali “con Marsiglia”. Poi si è visto che forse Nausicaa e i Romani e i tessitori medievali non erano tanto stupidi quando usavano la “volgare” argilla e adesso compaiono detersivi commerciali con “argilla”, che si trova in natura e che è capace di assorbire i grassi indesiderabili, per adesso quelli di piatti e pentole. Un altro esempio di crescita, declino e resurrezione delle merci e di vendetta della natura. 
New consumption, 20, (201), January-February 2011
Remember when Nausicaa, princess of the Phoenicians, goes to wash his clothes in the river, a trick of the gods to find them as soon as Ulysses tossed by the waves on the beach nearby? Homer, the author of this story about three thousand years ago, said that the princess and her friends to wash fabrics with pounding feet into a pit full of earth, because then you already knew that certain lands absorb grease and dirt from clothes; knowledge already spread everywhere in the ancient world in which they used to clean ground by fulling, a clay (sometimes containing an aluminum silicate, sodium, potassium, calcium), the tissues at both the domestic and, later, in the industry.
With the progress of industrialization have been found most suitable clays and the operation of milling, instead of hands and feet was done with suitable machines, fulling mills, operated the motion of water. Then the chemical knowledge have provided other materials for wash, then when it was discovered that the carbonates of potassium and sodium of the ashes of plants, other ingredients of the washing, could be produced artificially, there was the spread of the first factories of soda, by the early nineteenth century. Then the knowledge of chemistry have led to industrial soaps, sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids.
Then in the twentieth century it was discovered that some incidents of soap, the formation of insoluble calcium soaps in water, could be prevented by synthetic detergents, first chemically modified natural fatty acids (such as sulphates or sulphonates of fatty acids), then completely synthetic detergents made from materials prime derivate dal petrolio. Poi si è scoperto che alcuni detergenti sintetici erano “troppo perfetti” e restavano schiumosi nelle acque dei fiumi e dei laghi perché non erano degradati dai microrganismi presenti nelle acque naturali.
Ed è cominciato un cammino a ritroso. Si è visto che le materie petrolifere più economiche non erano adatte come detersivi domestici, e sono state emanate leggi che vietano la vendita di detergenti “non biodegradabili”; poi si è visto che i fosfati, altri “perfetti” additivi per il lavaggio, restavano nelle acque e provocavano la proliferazione delle alghe e il fenomeno della eutrofizzazione nei fiumi e nei laghi e sono state emanate leggi che impongono di limitarne la quantità. Poi si è visto che forse il vecchio “sapone”, che una volta si chiamava “sapone di Marsiglia”, non era poi tanto cattivo e sono comparsi dei preparati per lavare commerciali “con Marsiglia”. Poi si è visto che forse Nausicaa e i Romani e i tessitori medievali non erano tanto stupidi quando usavano la “volgare” argilla e adesso compaiono detersivi commerciali con “argilla”, che si trova in natura e che è capace di assorbire i grassi indesiderabili, per adesso quelli di piatti e pentole. Un altro esempio di crescita, declino e resurrezione delle merci e di vendetta della natura.
Monday, December 6, 2010
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see the number 111 or 1111 - Master Number
What teachers see the numbers or double?
June 21, 2008 on 24:18 pm which this happens is accelerating now that we can no longer speak of mere coincidence.
The phenomenon is having gigantic proportions, and all agree that there is a deeper meaning, a coded message to us from the spiritual world.
These numbers are of great charm and many traditions both ancient and recent, state, and ensure their power, the power to activate our codes, new memories and skills. These numbers represent a communication channel open with the universe.
Among the issues most frequently sighted and the teachers' 11 and especially in the form of 11:11. But what does this mean?
means that a higher reality has been incorporated into our daily lives. A merger is taking place between our vast cosmos and our physical bodies. This transforms our DNA and allows us to finally become vibrantly alive and totally real.
The next time you see the 11: 11, stop and feel the subtle energies around you. The 11: 11 is a wake-up call sent to yourself. A reminder of your true purpose here on Earth.
Usually, during these times of heightened energy or accelerated personal change you will notice much more frequently than the 11: 11.
Vedere i Numeri Maestri dell11:11 è SEMPRE una conferma che siete sul giusto percorso.
E che dire degli altri numeri? Ecco a voi il significato degli altri numeri maestri o doppi:
11 = Nascita e ancoraggio del Nuovo.
22 = Costruire sul Nuovo. Costruire Nuove vite e un Nuovo Mondo.
33 = Servizio Universale attraverso l’accelerazione del nostro Essere Unico.
44 = Equilibrio fra spirituale e fisico, la riconfigurazione del nostro labirinto evolutivo. Come Sopra, così Sotto. La creazione delle fondamenta delle nostre Nuove Vite.
55 = Reaching the personal freedom to be liberated from the past and totally real.
66 = meet our responsibilities in a creative and joyful.
77 = deep introspection and revelation. Join our innermost essence.
88 = Knowledge in depth of the abundance and integrity in all realms.
99 = Completion of a major evolutionary cycle. Time for another quantum leap.
numbers like 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, etc. Master Numbers are treated as superiors. Each of these has a unique resonance which affects su di noi e ci attiva a livello cellulare profondo.
Se volete potete distribuire liberamente questo testo, in maniera non commerciale e gratuitamente, conservandone l’integrità, comprese queste note, i nomi degli autori ed il link http://animeradianti.com
June 21, 2008 on 24:18 pm which this happens is accelerating now that we can no longer speak of mere coincidence.
The phenomenon is having gigantic proportions, and all agree that there is a deeper meaning, a coded message to us from the spiritual world.
These numbers are of great charm and many traditions both ancient and recent, state, and ensure their power, the power to activate our codes, new memories and skills. These numbers represent a communication channel open with the universe.
Among the issues most frequently sighted and the teachers' 11 and especially in the form of 11:11. But what does this mean?
means that a higher reality has been incorporated into our daily lives. A merger is taking place between our vast cosmos and our physical bodies. This transforms our DNA and allows us to finally become vibrantly alive and totally real.
The next time you see the 11: 11, stop and feel the subtle energies around you. The 11: 11 is a wake-up call sent to yourself. A reminder of your true purpose here on Earth.
Usually, during these times of heightened energy or accelerated personal change you will notice much more frequently than the 11: 11.
Vedere i Numeri Maestri dell11:11 è SEMPRE una conferma che siete sul giusto percorso.
E che dire degli altri numeri? Ecco a voi il significato degli altri numeri maestri o doppi:
11 = Nascita e ancoraggio del Nuovo.
22 = Costruire sul Nuovo. Costruire Nuove vite e un Nuovo Mondo.
33 = Servizio Universale attraverso l’accelerazione del nostro Essere Unico.
44 = Equilibrio fra spirituale e fisico, la riconfigurazione del nostro labirinto evolutivo. Come Sopra, così Sotto. La creazione delle fondamenta delle nostre Nuove Vite.
55 = Reaching the personal freedom to be liberated from the past and totally real.
66 = meet our responsibilities in a creative and joyful.
77 = deep introspection and revelation. Join our innermost essence.
88 = Knowledge in depth of the abundance and integrity in all realms.
99 = Completion of a major evolutionary cycle. Time for another quantum leap.
numbers like 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, etc. Master Numbers are treated as superiors. Each of these has a unique resonance which affects su di noi e ci attiva a livello cellulare profondo.
Se volete potete distribuire liberamente questo testo, in maniera non commerciale e gratuitamente, conservandone l’integrità, comprese queste note, i nomi degli autori ed il link http://animeradianti.com
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
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Vincenzo Walter and footwork in
Jonny and Michele in footwork
Luca and Davide while engaged in the direct
Walter while executing a direct kick
Michele is exercised in direct kick
Fabio with Bruce Lee
Luigi uses the direct and retreats
Fabio and Antonio as they do sparring
direct kick by Antonio
JKD Group Puglia
The name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong. No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
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TWJKD Bari
TWJKD 4th Bari Seminar in Memory of Bruce Lee
November 28, 2010
Sunday, November 28 at the fitness gym 85 of Bari, there was the usual annual seminar TWJKD. Essendo novembre il mese dedicato alla m emoria di Bruce Lee, si è pensato di dedicarlo a lui con tutti gli omaggi dell'associazione JKD di Bari.
L'atmosfera era davvero elettrizzante e, lo spirito di Bruce Lee aleggiava nell'aria, pronto a darci man forte durante gli allenamenti. Tutti gli studenti erano carichi e infatti, hanno dato dura prova delle loro capacità.
I due insegnanti della Puglia, Luigi Clemente di Bari e Antonio Giannetta di Lecce, hanno collaborato ancora una volta insieme per poter divulgare con serietà ed entusiasmo il JKD ai loro rispettivi studenti.
Lo stage è cominciato verso le 9:30 in the morning with a nice warming by Antonio, which has sorely tested the endurance of the participants.
After a hearty half-hour warm-up exercises and strengthening, Luigi spoke beginning to work on footwork. fact in pairs, the students worked trying to keep the long distance moving mirror. Given that the footwork is the element that promotes the power of the strokes, balance and mobility, the element of surprise was crucial in the selection of techniques to use, and therefore, the direct with the front hand and football directly with the front leg, were the most favorable.
After these mobility exercises, Antonio took the floor and beginning to explain some combinations of punches with his lead hand. The combination was: uppercut-hook, two key techniques in short distance. Keeping the combination with the front hand is not there the risk of being detected, because the position remains intact, as Bruce Lee himself says: "The guard position is crucial to the success of the techniques."
This first combination many others have been mentioned, but they can be very complicated to explain here. The fact is that the basis upon which the JKD is to keep the guiding hand (right) and guide leg (right), able to work together in continuity, without losing the correct alignment. After
be exercised in any combination, the rest of the day was devoted to sparring in pairs. Everything has been done before in a simulated sparring (explaining the technique), and after like a real meeting, two students for one, have begun to fight. Little has been enough to warn the participants, because most of them were unable to score a technical as it should.
As everyone knows, the JKD takes years and years of training to be completed. Techniques learned and should not be enough, but must be exercised to exhaustion to make them become like a second skin. Only through this constant process of learning about themselves, we can finally express ourselves through technology.
After the internship, all participants received a certificate of participation, as a reward for the great commitment they demonstrated. In the final stage there was the usual group photo and hope to have a future very close to our representative Ted Wong: David Gardella.
Luigi Clemente
name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Saturday, November 27, 2010
Led Screen Rental Rates
The legacy of Bruce Lee
The legacy of Bruce Lee
27/11/40 - 27/11/2010
In Memory of Bruce "The Dragon" Lee
Who is the heir to Bruce Lee?
What does it mean to be heir to Bruce Lee?
there anyone in this generation can match it in all its aspects that have fabulous contraddistinto da molti artisti marziali?
Molti si pongono queste domande e, viene in mente ancora una volta la domanda per eccellenza: chi è l’erede di Bruce Lee? Ci può essere qualcuno in grado di interpretare ciò che egli insegnava, coltivava e praticava nel corso della sua vita?
In tutta franchezza, io non credo che ci sia stato o ci sarò qualcuno in grado di eguagliarlo, perché egli era un uomo così completo, dalle grandi qualità umane; un artista marziale capace di “centrifugare” l’avversario con l’agilità dei suoi colpi. Egli era un artista della vita, capace di permeare ogni aspetto filosofico dell’esistenza.
Dico questo, non per classificare Bruce Lee come ad un uomo invincibile, essere perfetto, al contrario, ciò che ha sempre reso Bruce un grande artista, secondo il mio parere, era la sua umanità, la sua continua ricerca di se stesso e del proprio potenziale; egli descrive chiaramente questo concetto della sua personalità, tanto è vero che amava definire se stesso come: “human being”.
Dato che molti dei miei articoli precedenti risalenti alla sua memoria riguardavano la mia passione per lui, come l’ho conosciuto e cosa rappresenta per me, stavolta mi sono concentrato sull’aspetto ereditario che ha suscitato il suo carisma nel cuore di milioni di persone sparse per il mondo.
Nel 1967 Bruce Lee identificò la sua personale via delle arti marziali col nome di Jeet Kune Do, che letteralmente significa: “La via per intercettare il pugno”. In realtà Bruce, non ha mai voluto etichettare la sua arte come una forma o uno stile, perché il JKD non ha forme, non ha schemi fissi; il suo fulcro è quello di mettere il combattente in continua lotta con se stesso, al fine di renderlo un uomo più completo. Questo è vero in base a ciò che Bruce Lee stesso said in an interview with Pierre Berton, in 1971. He said "I do not believe in systems, nor in the models. I do not think there is a system to fight the Japanese, or Chinese or whoever. Unless there are beings on earth with four arms and three legs. Unless we are to be structurally different from us, there can be a different way of fighting. This is due to the fact that we have two arms and two legs, the goal is to run them at most "
Bruce's philosophy is to discover and personal growth of each individual. He believed that man was more important than style or pre-established models. The style, according to Bruce, limits the creativity of the human staff, making him a slave of mechanical and choreographic forms.
During an interview in 1971, Bruce states: "On one hand there is a natural instinct, the other self-control. We must learn to harmonize both. While the instinct to prevail, you would be an undisciplined man. If, however, prevailed self-control, you'd be a mechanical man, no longer a human being. "
Here it is at the heart of the thought of Bruce and we can also translate in martial arts. The art gives us the opportunity to sincerely express our whole being. If you overrode the instinct to fight, we would become just thugs, not policy. If we gave importance only to the philosophical aspect, we would become intellectuals without practice. To be a true artist, the man, the practitioner should combine both and make them part of himself, through a long and painstaking process of learning and training, was able to honestly express themselves in martial arts.
In the years to learn, to apply the principles and philosophy of the art of Jeet Kune Do in Genoa to stage with David Gardella e con Ted Wong, ho conosciuto in profondità il pensiero e lo spirito di Bruce.
Ho conosciuto non Bruce l’invincibile, l’attore famoso, o la star di Hollywood, ma Bruce l’uomo, l’essere umano, l’artista della vita. Questo è ciò che rende un praticante della sua arte, eredità viva e fiamma incandescente che mai perderà il suo folclore.
Nessun uomo potrà mai eguagliare la sua umanità, perché ognuno di noi è un essere unico e irripetibile, e Bruce era unico ed irripetibile nel suo genere. Fino a quando crederemo in noi stessi e ci identificheremo nel reale spirito delle arti marziali, Bruce Lee will never die and will always be an endless source of inspiration for all those who love and practice with earnestness and perseverance, the martial arts.
Luigi Clemente
name, references, images, symbols, logos and trademarks associated with Ted Wong Ted Wong are the property of and are used by Jeet Kune Do - CAAM with the express permission of Ted Wong.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
No content may be extracted or used in any medium, in whole or in part, without the express permission of Ted Wong. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Wednesday, November 24, 2010
Ho Much Is The Abortion Pill
The recycling-logy, a chapter of the Commodity
La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, martedì 23 novembre 2010.
Giorgio Nebbia nebbia@quipo.it
Propongo di chiamare riciclo-logia quel capitolo della Merceologia che si occupa della tecnologia del riciclo dei materiali usati e delle proprietà dei prodotti riciclati. Chi volesse svolgere questo corso in una Università ha oggi a disposizione un apposito trattato chiamato: “L’Italia del riciclo”, pubblicata nei mesi scorsi dalla Fondazione per lo sviluppo sostenibile, una organizzazione presieduta da Edo Ronchi che è stato Ministro dell’ambiente nel governo Prodi (1996-1998) e che ha legato al suo nome al primo decreto moderno e organico sul trattamento dei rifiuti.
Come tale decreto ben specifica, la prima azione da fare per diminuire la massa waste that ends up in landfills and incinerators is to reuse the materials in which the goods, products used and thrown away (those who "refuse" and therefore are called "waste") are made. This is to revive in the form of new products, those that are rejected, a company that should mobilize scientists, chemists, engineers and production, but in reality very little is being implemented.
For starters you should know what each product is made. For example, it's easy to say paper, but to get new paper from waste paper and ink should know where and what types of additives such as cellulose have been used in the manufacture of each piece of paper and cardboard discarded. Despite the many gaps in the information, many things you can do to obtain goods which are still useful by almost 40 million tons of municipal solid waste and 150 million tons of waste "special".
The book provides many useful suggestions mentioned at the beginning explaining the origin of their merchandise, some characters, and the results of several different processes for recycling of waste. The first chapter concerns the paper in 2008 have been released for consumption around 11 million tonnes of paper and cardboard, about half of them in the form of packages: the collection of the total was around 6 million tonnes, but these were avviate al riciclo circa 3 milioni di tonnellate, soprattutto di imballaggi che sono raccolti diligentemente dai supermercati e dai negozi: avrete visto che la sera accanto al cassonetto, davanti ai negozi, ci sono cartoni ben ripiegati che saranno raccolti e che sono destinati al riciclo, un processo che produce anche lui dei residui e rifiuti. Nel complesso di tutta la carta e i cartoni consumati circa il 40 percento va perduto, il che mostra quanto ancora si possa migliorare nel campo delle raccolta differenziata e del riciclo di questa frazione merceologica.
Un po’ meglio vanno le cose per il vetro; rispetto ad un consumo nazionale di vetro di circa 4,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2009, il consumo di imballaggi è stato di circa 2 milioni di tonnes of which were collected about 1.5 million tonnes, of which just over 1.3 million tons are from separate collection, which also provides just over 1.1 million tons of material reused in really production of new glass, the glass improperly collected with other waste plastic, metals, etc., is lost. The study concluded that indicates how far to go yet well made for a collection of glass packaging alone, a real, not fake, waste collection, just so you can actually use less raw materials (sand, sodium carbonate, marble, etc.) , less water and energy.
Other interesting chapters riciclologia of this Treaty relating to the plastics, rubber and used tires, wood, aluminum and other nonferrous metals, scrap metals and steel packaging as "cans" used in many foods and beverages; the so-called WEEE, ie household waste, fridges, washing machines, but also of electronic equipment such as computers, televisions, etc.. In Italy in 2009 were marketed refrigerators, air conditioners and water heaters for a weight of 120,000 tons, it is conceivable that more or less the same amount has been thrown away, but the waste of these devices have been identified about 60,000 tonnes, making think that a lot ended up in illegal dumps. In the same year were placed on the market 74,000 tonnes of televisions and monitors, and they were collected for 58,000 tons.
While the recycling of goods "simple", such as paper, glass, plastic, it is relatively easy, the recovery of materials from complex goods such as appliances and electronic waste raises difficult environmental problems because sometimes even contain toxic substances, many of which are unknown in because sometimes they are appliances made many years ago, no one knows how. A portion of electronic waste, for example, is exported to Africa, India, China, Far East, where many patients hands dismantled (Often without taking precautions to health and environment) components in their equipment to recover precious metals hidden in the midst of plastics and other materials. Similar problems have in the disposal of vehicles (in 2009 was 1.2 million tonnes, the weight of those slated for demolition) and batteries and accumulators.
The law not only provides for the collection of used lubricating oils, which are partly recycled, but also waste oils and fats after frying in industry and local restaurants and in 2009 they were harvested 42,000 tons, a amount will increase. It is estimated that each year about 280,000 tons of fat frying be thrown away (not counting those that are thrown away in the domestic sector) and this mass of fat used improperly placed in the sewers, hamper the functioning of water treatment, when they could, with appropriate treatments, lubricants and even become fuel for diesel engines. There's wealth in waste and sewers. 
La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, martedì 23 novembre 2010.
Giorgio Nebbia nebbia@quipo.it
Propongo di chiamare riciclo-logia quel capitolo della Merceologia che si occupa della tecnologia del riciclo dei materiali usati e delle proprietà dei prodotti riciclati. Chi volesse svolgere questo corso in una Università ha oggi a disposizione un apposito trattato chiamato: “L’Italia del riciclo”, pubblicata nei mesi scorsi dalla Fondazione per lo sviluppo sostenibile, una organizzazione presieduta da Edo Ronchi che è stato Ministro dell’ambiente nel governo Prodi (1996-1998) e che ha legato al suo nome al primo decreto moderno e organico sul trattamento dei rifiuti.
Come tale decreto ben specifica, la prima azione da fare per diminuire la massa waste that ends up in landfills and incinerators is to reuse the materials in which the goods, products used and thrown away (those who "refuse" and therefore are called "waste") are made. This is to revive in the form of new products, those that are rejected, a company that should mobilize scientists, chemists, engineers and production, but in reality very little is being implemented.
For starters you should know what each product is made. For example, it's easy to say paper, but to get new paper from waste paper and ink should know where and what types of additives such as cellulose have been used in the manufacture of each piece of paper and cardboard discarded. Despite the many gaps in the information, many things you can do to obtain goods which are still useful by almost 40 million tons of municipal solid waste and 150 million tons of waste "special".
The book provides many useful suggestions mentioned at the beginning explaining the origin of their merchandise, some characters, and the results of several different processes for recycling of waste. The first chapter concerns the paper in 2008 have been released for consumption around 11 million tonnes of paper and cardboard, about half of them in the form of packages: the collection of the total was around 6 million tonnes, but these were avviate al riciclo circa 3 milioni di tonnellate, soprattutto di imballaggi che sono raccolti diligentemente dai supermercati e dai negozi: avrete visto che la sera accanto al cassonetto, davanti ai negozi, ci sono cartoni ben ripiegati che saranno raccolti e che sono destinati al riciclo, un processo che produce anche lui dei residui e rifiuti. Nel complesso di tutta la carta e i cartoni consumati circa il 40 percento va perduto, il che mostra quanto ancora si possa migliorare nel campo delle raccolta differenziata e del riciclo di questa frazione merceologica.
Un po’ meglio vanno le cose per il vetro; rispetto ad un consumo nazionale di vetro di circa 4,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2009, il consumo di imballaggi è stato di circa 2 milioni di tonnes of which were collected about 1.5 million tonnes, of which just over 1.3 million tons are from separate collection, which also provides just over 1.1 million tons of material reused in really production of new glass, the glass improperly collected with other waste plastic, metals, etc., is lost. The study concluded that indicates how far to go yet well made for a collection of glass packaging alone, a real, not fake, waste collection, just so you can actually use less raw materials (sand, sodium carbonate, marble, etc.) , less water and energy.
Other interesting chapters riciclologia of this Treaty relating to the plastics, rubber and used tires, wood, aluminum and other nonferrous metals, scrap metals and steel packaging as "cans" used in many foods and beverages; the so-called WEEE, ie household waste, fridges, washing machines, but also of electronic equipment such as computers, televisions, etc.. In Italy in 2009 were marketed refrigerators, air conditioners and water heaters for a weight of 120,000 tons, it is conceivable that more or less the same amount has been thrown away, but the waste of these devices have been identified about 60,000 tonnes, making think that a lot ended up in illegal dumps. In the same year were placed on the market 74,000 tonnes of televisions and monitors, and they were collected for 58,000 tons.
While the recycling of goods "simple", such as paper, glass, plastic, it is relatively easy, the recovery of materials from complex goods such as appliances and electronic waste raises difficult environmental problems because sometimes even contain toxic substances, many of which are unknown in because sometimes they are appliances made many years ago, no one knows how. A portion of electronic waste, for example, is exported to Africa, India, China, Far East, where many patients hands dismantled (Often without taking precautions to health and environment) components in their equipment to recover precious metals hidden in the midst of plastics and other materials. Similar problems have in the disposal of vehicles (in 2009 was 1.2 million tonnes, the weight of those slated for demolition) and batteries and accumulators.
The law not only provides for the collection of used lubricating oils, which are partly recycled, but also waste oils and fats after frying in industry and local restaurants and in 2009 they were harvested 42,000 tons, a amount will increase. It is estimated that each year about 280,000 tons of fat frying be thrown away (not counting those that are thrown away in the domestic sector) and this mass of fat used improperly placed in the sewers, hamper the functioning of water treatment, when they could, with appropriate treatments, lubricants and even become fuel for diesel engines. There's wealth in waste and sewers.
Monday, November 15, 2010
What Is The Best Vacuum For Use On Frieze Carpet?
merceologia A "solar"
Giorgio Nebbia
Human society move into the future using every year (2009) an amount of energy equivalent to that embodied in about 11 billion tons of oil, about 460 EJ. Most of this energy "business" comes from oil, coal, natural gas, extracted from the bowels of the earth, fossil materials formats, hundreds of millions of years, the transformation of vegetal and animal substances, and no longer reconstitutable horizon (reasonably foreseeable) of humanity. Apart from a small village, fortunately on the decline, nuclear power, on a scale much smaller than the goods-energy comes from the motion of water such as hydropower, a stream provided by the cycle of evaporation and condensation generated from the sun, a stream that returns every year available, the goods-wide minimum energy is obtained from plants which convert solar radiation and wind energy into electricity. A certain amount of energy in countries and poor communities, is the burning of wood and agricultural waste, but that are largely beyond the accounting "official" international, although some estimates by the FAO indicate that energy from wood (trees and forest products) account for about 7 then for about 25-30% EJ, the world's energy needs.
The fraction of energy sales from renewable sources (water, sun, wind) is slightly more than 10 EJ is completely irrelevant to the flow of energy that the sun radiates on the surface of the Earth each year, about 3,500,000 EJ, EJ reach 1,000,000 in the land.
Read
In the beginning the twenty-first century we are approaching an era of scarcity of oil and, soon, including depletion of natural gas reserves. There remain large reserves of coal, but the transition to a society of coal requires the solution of scientific-technical and geopolitical issues very great: just to name one, oil is liquid and easily provides liquid fractions such as those suitable for existing engines automotive; the transformation of coal into transport fuel (even if going through hydrogenation processes which provide hydrogen or methanol) requires a revolution to which we are unprepared.
that remains is to look with new attention to the Sun that "works" every year 100 billion tons of plant products on land, causing the flow each year to 40 trillion tons of water on the surface of the continents.
Silent and perfect every day of the year in any part of the Earth, solar radiation provides the energy necessary to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is the atmosphere and water and soil in organic molecules ( that ends with release of oxygen in the air). The first, relatively simple products containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, formed in the first stage of photosynthesis, are transformed, thanks to nitrogen and many other elements from the soil, in a huge variety of molecules: carbohydrates, fats, proteins. And within each "class" of molecules, the nature indulges in every plant, to offer variety and substance for which expertise is unfortunately still largely incomplete. Some of these molecules are used by "animals" that, with as much imagination, transform the plant molecules in a number indescribable (as known) of organic molecules
Agriculture "economic", and livestock that depend on it, using only a very limited number of the wealth of nature, those for which there is an outlet for immediate or traditional, and yet if you explore just a little herbal substances present in smaller plants, for their potential commercial interest, it turns out numerous opportunities for industrial production, research and work.
The "synthetic revolution" that began in the early decades of the nineteenth century, has meant that today, with the exception of food, at least eighty percent of the over ten billion tons of goods that are consumed each year on Earth is the source "non-organic" (although the fossil fuels, coal, oil, natural gas, although, strictly speaking, are far from organic.)
The chemistry of synthetic products derived from oil has as barren imagination and curiosity of naturalists and chemists in respect of plant and animal products. For most people, wood is one of the tables, or panels particle board, or the source of cellulose for paper or for various types of rayon. But in reality each tree there are many substances such as cellulose (plural), hemicellulose, lignin, tannins, resins, etc., some of which have in the past, power and industrial activities could be used in future for many others.
conditions and geopolitical conflicts that have excluded some countries from access to certain materials (think self-sufficiency in the Soviet period, fascist and Nazi), or the occasional surpluses of agricultural products (in the period of great crisis in the together), or the temporary price increase and shortage of certain raw materials (for example, during the "oil crisis" seventies of last century), led from time to time to review the living resources as sources of raw materials and commodities, on the whole, however, in recent decades have been lost expertise, seeds, bacterial cultures, for it becomes increasingly difficult to a resurgence of industrial initiatives based on many techniques that were important in the past. It seems possible, however, some new trends.
The first is that it seems increasingly clear that the dependence of a world society of resources destined to run out as non-renewable, is "unsustainable." The Sun and products, "sources" that the sun produces every year, in the same as it is always the same type, it is essential to turn to for energy and goods for a company that is worried about his future or, as they say, "sustainable" (whatever that word means).
The second important reason for interest in the materials derived from the Sun depends on the increasing attention to the negative environmental effects of present goods: many goods synthetic petroleum, greet, to their appearance, as a means to "liberate" from the bondage of nature , considered to be designed and modified at will, are not biodegradable and remain intact long after use and create problems for other goods smaltimento.Molte synthetic (dyes, pesticides, additives) have proved harmful to human health and natural ecosystems, to the point of inducing the abandonment of the "new" products to return to natural products. One of the best known cases is that synthetic insecticide DDT, which had supplanted the pesticides based on derivatives of pyrethrum, and after some years, was banned and had to again use the same derivatives of pyrethrum.
The third trend is the fact that the synthetic production of goods is only possible in high technology facilities and concentration of capital and knowledge, which are only available in developed countries. Such goods are available to the countries of the South only if they accept a position neocolonial dominated by international capital. There are signs of growing impatience with this perspective and a growing focus on goods that can be obtained from the great natural resources of biological origin and constantly renewable, that many countries of the South have, with facilities built and in operation on site. The publications of the FAO and other international bodies clearly show this trend.
in favor of birth or rebirth of activities associated with agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, the richness of the biomass, in short, is the fact that the millions of plant and animal species existing in nature, only a few hundred thousand are were observed and characterized scientifically e hanno ricevuto un "nome", e soltanto di poche centinaia sono stati esplorati a fondo i caratteri botanici, zoologici e chimici in relazione al loro uso come fonti di materie prime e merci.
Il principio dell'economia tradizionale che spinge a utilizzare soltanto le materie che assicurano una elevata resa di "denaro" per unità di superficie coltivata o per unità di peso, ha provocato un graduale impoverimento delle varietà vegetali e animali utilizzate. Tale impoverimento è stato trasferito anche nei paesi sottosviluppati da cui vengono tratte molte delle materie di interesse commerciale. L'abbandono, per motivi di prezzo, di molte merci di origine naturale ha provocato un impoverimento della diversità biologica e la scomparsa fiber plants or used as sources of dyes and medicines, as well as many species of animals that have had commercial interest in the past.
One reason for optimism for the resumption of the use of many commodity resources lies in the enormous variety of biological molecules that they contain: as "chemistry" was born as "the chemistry of natural substances, attention to these substances has been declining, because of their commercial interest of the child. The pharmaceutical industry is probably the only one that is still convenient for the preparation of new medicines from natural molecules subject to change.
There is another interesting aspect: the commercial production products, especially foodstuffs in industrial countries requires the use of processing and preservation techniques that generate large quantities of by-products rich in organic molecules that often create disposal problems and pollution sources. Think of the canned products and waste industry, the dairy industry, industry of slaughtering and meat processing, and so on. We can calculate that every two pounds of dry organic matter from organic food that comes in the current cycle, at least one kilogram or even end up in waste in the trash. A closer knowledge of the chemical composition and physical character of these differences may allow to recover large quantities of goods being used as "secondary materials" such products.
The grounds for optimism for a product category based on materials from the "solar" is the great imagination that nature manifests itself in its organic synthesis. About 60% of the biomass plant is carbohydrates such as sugars, cellulose, starch, which are then the first materials that formed in the process of photosynthesis. --- With only three atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen --- the nature of "factory" in a wide variety of combinations, diverse materials, often gathered for the first phase of development of seeds, sometimes as building materials capable of carrying water and inorganic salts from the soil to tens meters in height.
of this great biomass, available at a rate of about 60 billion tons a year, only a small part --- three or four billion tons a year --- it is used for humans. The paper industry, which absorbs each year many hundreds of millions of tons of lignocellulosic materials, goes looking for their raw materials on the basis of the need to obtain the "cellulose" standard suitable for its production cycles. The textile industry uses a very limited number of cellulosic fibers, compared to the wide variety of materials offered by nature. The chemical industry produces, sometimes painfully, synthesized molecules that have been and can be obtained via microbiologica dai carboidrati.
Fra la fine dell'Ottocento e i primi decenni del Novecento l'attenzione dei chimici è stata rivolta ai derivati chimici della cellulosa e si è così visto che le modificazioni dei vari gruppi funzionali alcolici consentivano di ottenere numerose sostanze, per la maggior parte poi abbandonate per il loro scarso interesse finanziario immediato. Sono sopravvissuti alcuni acetati come fibre artificiali o materie per pellicole, di limitata produzione, e i nitrati utilizzati come ingredienti per esplosivi. Il successo delle pellicole di polimeri sintetici ha spazzato via l'interesse per quelle di cellulosa rigenerata (tipo cellophane) che pure presentano importanti proprietà di permeabilità ai gas, ai liquids and biodegradability.
A better understanding of the lignin --- lignocellulosic materials accompanying the cellulose at a rate of about one part every two or three parts of cellulose --- could make a contribution to new ways of using paper and paperboard used in front an increasing difficulty of the operations for their transformation into new paper products.
The other major class of macromolecules of carbohydrates are the starches, substances with very different composition and molecular weight, ranging from one plant species to another and capable of transformation into many derivatives, so far little studied. For microbiological or chemical hydrolysis of starch are formed numerous substances, "Dextrins", as highly variable chemical and physical characteristics and use only a limited extent. Similar considerations apply to many sugars from monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides, sugars "rare", which exists in large quantities in nature and biological properties of which little is known. Many of these are capable of providing products, some of which are known from the chemical point of view, but so far little or nothing studied in terms of technical properties that probably would open the door to many employment sectors.
The proteins present in all plants and animals, are the foundation stones for all biological phenomena. The nature, with infinite imagination, starting da un limitato numero di amminoacidi, che sono le "pietre fondamentali" delle proteine, ha predisposto i comuni materiali da costruzione per organi vitali tanto diversi fra loro. Nelle pareti cellulari delle foglie, nel sangue animale, nelle ali delle farfalle, troviamo proteine diversissime come caratteri e funzioni; la diversità deriva dalle proporzioni in cui sono presenti tali amminoacidi e della loro successione.
Nonostante la varietà delle proteine esistenti in natura soltanto pochissime hanno ricevuto attenzione, al di fuori degli usi alimentari e di quelli dell'industria conciaria e tessile (seta, lana). Poche sostanze proteiche (quelle della caseina, della zeina, dell'arachide) sono state utilizzate per la produzione di artificial, now abandoned. Yet every year millions of tons of protein food industry, from whey, which are present in the residue from the extraction of fats, slaughterhouse waste and tannery operations, etc., are poor for uses such as power livestock, or the fertilization of soils, even when they are not thrown way constitute sources of pollution. Many of these proteins are of animal origin, rich in essential amino acids, and could be used for the integration of poor food, such as those that are the basis of nutrition in many countries of the South.
The same considerations apply to the fantasy of nature lipids, the constituents of the oils and fats of plant and animal origin, which are also produced industrially, especially for food, in an amount of about 100 million tons a year. The success of synthetic surfactants and synthetic glycerol reduced the field of industrial application of natural fats: here the considerations "green" has brought to life, in household detergents, albeit limited, certain types of soaps because of their agricultural biodegradability.
There are many avenues open for use, with success, natural dyes, gums and resins, terpenes, many vitamins and sterols, especially in those cases in which properties di interesse commerciale sono associate a strutture chimiche abbastanza complicate e non riproducibili per via sintetica.
A puro titolo di curiosità, e come esempio della potenziale ricchezza di moltissimi prodotti quasi sconosciuti del Sud del mondo, si può ricordare la storia della produzione, nel 1951, da parte dell'industria messicana Syntex, del cortisone dalla diosgenina ricavata dalla radice dell'igname messicano; lo stesso gruppo di chimici americani e messicani, operando nel Messico, preparò, sempre nel 1951, dal testosterone il contraccettivo orale noretindrone, "la pillola" (è questo il titolo di un libro di Carl Djerassi, pubblicato da Garzanti, che racconta tutta questa avventura) che avrebbe fatto diminuire the growth rate of world population and revolutionized sexual mores of billions of pairs. This is an example of how the revolution of biomass could grow in the South and new industries, research and production based on local materials.
The challenge of that nature offers in vegetable and animal products produced each year, with extraordinary regolatrità and on time from the Sun, such a great variety and complication of substances can be accepted only with as much imagination and chemical research. We are facing a difficult chemistry, but that is why the chemical and firms in developed countries could commit themselves, using the finest tools available today to create new goods, processes and employment opportunities, with benefits both the South and the North of the world, remembering that many solutions have been found and were then abandoned, with a depletion of the wealth of knowledge, a process similar to the loss of biodiversity values.
At this point I would respectfully recommend that we pay attention, in consultancy firms, industries, universities, what could be done to characterize, detect, process, the wealth of material goods "solar". A "solar product category" that could start going to bring to light experiences and knowledge of the past forgotten, and which may perhaps in future years e decenni, dare un contributo per farci uscire dalle trappole di un cammino che per ora continua a manifestarsi insostenibile. 
Giorgio Nebbia
Human society move into the future using every year (2009) an amount of energy equivalent to that embodied in about 11 billion tons of oil, about 460 EJ. Most of this energy "business" comes from oil, coal, natural gas, extracted from the bowels of the earth, fossil materials formats, hundreds of millions of years, the transformation of vegetal and animal substances, and no longer reconstitutable horizon (reasonably foreseeable) of humanity. Apart from a small village, fortunately on the decline, nuclear power, on a scale much smaller than the goods-energy comes from the motion of water such as hydropower, a stream provided by the cycle of evaporation and condensation generated from the sun, a stream that returns every year available, the goods-wide minimum energy is obtained from plants which convert solar radiation and wind energy into electricity. A certain amount of energy in countries and poor communities, is the burning of wood and agricultural waste, but that are largely beyond the accounting "official" international, although some estimates by the FAO indicate that energy from wood (trees and forest products) account for about 7 then for about 25-30% EJ, the world's energy needs.
The fraction of energy sales from renewable sources (water, sun, wind) is slightly more than 10 EJ is completely irrelevant to the flow of energy that the sun radiates on the surface of the Earth each year, about 3,500,000 EJ, EJ reach 1,000,000 in the land.
Read
In the beginning the twenty-first century we are approaching an era of scarcity of oil and, soon, including depletion of natural gas reserves. There remain large reserves of coal, but the transition to a society of coal requires the solution of scientific-technical and geopolitical issues very great: just to name one, oil is liquid and easily provides liquid fractions such as those suitable for existing engines automotive; the transformation of coal into transport fuel (even if going through hydrogenation processes which provide hydrogen or methanol) requires a revolution to which we are unprepared.
that remains is to look with new attention to the Sun that "works" every year 100 billion tons of plant products on land, causing the flow each year to 40 trillion tons of water on the surface of the continents.
Silent and perfect every day of the year in any part of the Earth, solar radiation provides the energy necessary to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is the atmosphere and water and soil in organic molecules ( that ends with release of oxygen in the air). The first, relatively simple products containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, formed in the first stage of photosynthesis, are transformed, thanks to nitrogen and many other elements from the soil, in a huge variety of molecules: carbohydrates, fats, proteins. And within each "class" of molecules, the nature indulges in every plant, to offer variety and substance for which expertise is unfortunately still largely incomplete. Some of these molecules are used by "animals" that, with as much imagination, transform the plant molecules in a number indescribable (as known) of organic molecules
Agriculture "economic", and livestock that depend on it, using only a very limited number of the wealth of nature, those for which there is an outlet for immediate or traditional, and yet if you explore just a little herbal substances present in smaller plants, for their potential commercial interest, it turns out numerous opportunities for industrial production, research and work.
The "synthetic revolution" that began in the early decades of the nineteenth century, has meant that today, with the exception of food, at least eighty percent of the over ten billion tons of goods that are consumed each year on Earth is the source "non-organic" (although the fossil fuels, coal, oil, natural gas, although, strictly speaking, are far from organic.)
The chemistry of synthetic products derived from oil has as barren imagination and curiosity of naturalists and chemists in respect of plant and animal products. For most people, wood is one of the tables, or panels particle board, or the source of cellulose for paper or for various types of rayon. But in reality each tree there are many substances such as cellulose (plural), hemicellulose, lignin, tannins, resins, etc., some of which have in the past, power and industrial activities could be used in future for many others.
conditions and geopolitical conflicts that have excluded some countries from access to certain materials (think self-sufficiency in the Soviet period, fascist and Nazi), or the occasional surpluses of agricultural products (in the period of great crisis in the together), or the temporary price increase and shortage of certain raw materials (for example, during the "oil crisis" seventies of last century), led from time to time to review the living resources as sources of raw materials and commodities, on the whole, however, in recent decades have been lost expertise, seeds, bacterial cultures, for it becomes increasingly difficult to a resurgence of industrial initiatives based on many techniques that were important in the past. It seems possible, however, some new trends.
The first is that it seems increasingly clear that the dependence of a world society of resources destined to run out as non-renewable, is "unsustainable." The Sun and products, "sources" that the sun produces every year, in the same as it is always the same type, it is essential to turn to for energy and goods for a company that is worried about his future or, as they say, "sustainable" (whatever that word means).
The second important reason for interest in the materials derived from the Sun depends on the increasing attention to the negative environmental effects of present goods: many goods synthetic petroleum, greet, to their appearance, as a means to "liberate" from the bondage of nature , considered to be designed and modified at will, are not biodegradable and remain intact long after use and create problems for other goods smaltimento.Molte synthetic (dyes, pesticides, additives) have proved harmful to human health and natural ecosystems, to the point of inducing the abandonment of the "new" products to return to natural products. One of the best known cases is that synthetic insecticide DDT, which had supplanted the pesticides based on derivatives of pyrethrum, and after some years, was banned and had to again use the same derivatives of pyrethrum.
The third trend is the fact that the synthetic production of goods is only possible in high technology facilities and concentration of capital and knowledge, which are only available in developed countries. Such goods are available to the countries of the South only if they accept a position neocolonial dominated by international capital. There are signs of growing impatience with this perspective and a growing focus on goods that can be obtained from the great natural resources of biological origin and constantly renewable, that many countries of the South have, with facilities built and in operation on site. The publications of the FAO and other international bodies clearly show this trend.
in favor of birth or rebirth of activities associated with agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, the richness of the biomass, in short, is the fact that the millions of plant and animal species existing in nature, only a few hundred thousand are were observed and characterized scientifically e hanno ricevuto un "nome", e soltanto di poche centinaia sono stati esplorati a fondo i caratteri botanici, zoologici e chimici in relazione al loro uso come fonti di materie prime e merci.
Il principio dell'economia tradizionale che spinge a utilizzare soltanto le materie che assicurano una elevata resa di "denaro" per unità di superficie coltivata o per unità di peso, ha provocato un graduale impoverimento delle varietà vegetali e animali utilizzate. Tale impoverimento è stato trasferito anche nei paesi sottosviluppati da cui vengono tratte molte delle materie di interesse commerciale. L'abbandono, per motivi di prezzo, di molte merci di origine naturale ha provocato un impoverimento della diversità biologica e la scomparsa fiber plants or used as sources of dyes and medicines, as well as many species of animals that have had commercial interest in the past.
One reason for optimism for the resumption of the use of many commodity resources lies in the enormous variety of biological molecules that they contain: as "chemistry" was born as "the chemistry of natural substances, attention to these substances has been declining, because of their commercial interest of the child. The pharmaceutical industry is probably the only one that is still convenient for the preparation of new medicines from natural molecules subject to change.
There is another interesting aspect: the commercial production products, especially foodstuffs in industrial countries requires the use of processing and preservation techniques that generate large quantities of by-products rich in organic molecules that often create disposal problems and pollution sources. Think of the canned products and waste industry, the dairy industry, industry of slaughtering and meat processing, and so on. We can calculate that every two pounds of dry organic matter from organic food that comes in the current cycle, at least one kilogram or even end up in waste in the trash. A closer knowledge of the chemical composition and physical character of these differences may allow to recover large quantities of goods being used as "secondary materials" such products.
The grounds for optimism for a product category based on materials from the "solar" is the great imagination that nature manifests itself in its organic synthesis. About 60% of the biomass plant is carbohydrates such as sugars, cellulose, starch, which are then the first materials that formed in the process of photosynthesis. --- With only three atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen --- the nature of "factory" in a wide variety of combinations, diverse materials, often gathered for the first phase of development of seeds, sometimes as building materials capable of carrying water and inorganic salts from the soil to tens meters in height.
of this great biomass, available at a rate of about 60 billion tons a year, only a small part --- three or four billion tons a year --- it is used for humans. The paper industry, which absorbs each year many hundreds of millions of tons of lignocellulosic materials, goes looking for their raw materials on the basis of the need to obtain the "cellulose" standard suitable for its production cycles. The textile industry uses a very limited number of cellulosic fibers, compared to the wide variety of materials offered by nature. The chemical industry produces, sometimes painfully, synthesized molecules that have been and can be obtained via microbiologica dai carboidrati.
Fra la fine dell'Ottocento e i primi decenni del Novecento l'attenzione dei chimici è stata rivolta ai derivati chimici della cellulosa e si è così visto che le modificazioni dei vari gruppi funzionali alcolici consentivano di ottenere numerose sostanze, per la maggior parte poi abbandonate per il loro scarso interesse finanziario immediato. Sono sopravvissuti alcuni acetati come fibre artificiali o materie per pellicole, di limitata produzione, e i nitrati utilizzati come ingredienti per esplosivi. Il successo delle pellicole di polimeri sintetici ha spazzato via l'interesse per quelle di cellulosa rigenerata (tipo cellophane) che pure presentano importanti proprietà di permeabilità ai gas, ai liquids and biodegradability.
A better understanding of the lignin --- lignocellulosic materials accompanying the cellulose at a rate of about one part every two or three parts of cellulose --- could make a contribution to new ways of using paper and paperboard used in front an increasing difficulty of the operations for their transformation into new paper products.
The other major class of macromolecules of carbohydrates are the starches, substances with very different composition and molecular weight, ranging from one plant species to another and capable of transformation into many derivatives, so far little studied. For microbiological or chemical hydrolysis of starch are formed numerous substances, "Dextrins", as highly variable chemical and physical characteristics and use only a limited extent. Similar considerations apply to many sugars from monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides, sugars "rare", which exists in large quantities in nature and biological properties of which little is known. Many of these are capable of providing products, some of which are known from the chemical point of view, but so far little or nothing studied in terms of technical properties that probably would open the door to many employment sectors.
The proteins present in all plants and animals, are the foundation stones for all biological phenomena. The nature, with infinite imagination, starting da un limitato numero di amminoacidi, che sono le "pietre fondamentali" delle proteine, ha predisposto i comuni materiali da costruzione per organi vitali tanto diversi fra loro. Nelle pareti cellulari delle foglie, nel sangue animale, nelle ali delle farfalle, troviamo proteine diversissime come caratteri e funzioni; la diversità deriva dalle proporzioni in cui sono presenti tali amminoacidi e della loro successione.
Nonostante la varietà delle proteine esistenti in natura soltanto pochissime hanno ricevuto attenzione, al di fuori degli usi alimentari e di quelli dell'industria conciaria e tessile (seta, lana). Poche sostanze proteiche (quelle della caseina, della zeina, dell'arachide) sono state utilizzate per la produzione di artificial, now abandoned. Yet every year millions of tons of protein food industry, from whey, which are present in the residue from the extraction of fats, slaughterhouse waste and tannery operations, etc., are poor for uses such as power livestock, or the fertilization of soils, even when they are not thrown way constitute sources of pollution. Many of these proteins are of animal origin, rich in essential amino acids, and could be used for the integration of poor food, such as those that are the basis of nutrition in many countries of the South.
The same considerations apply to the fantasy of nature lipids, the constituents of the oils and fats of plant and animal origin, which are also produced industrially, especially for food, in an amount of about 100 million tons a year. The success of synthetic surfactants and synthetic glycerol reduced the field of industrial application of natural fats: here the considerations "green" has brought to life, in household detergents, albeit limited, certain types of soaps because of their agricultural biodegradability.
There are many avenues open for use, with success, natural dyes, gums and resins, terpenes, many vitamins and sterols, especially in those cases in which properties di interesse commerciale sono associate a strutture chimiche abbastanza complicate e non riproducibili per via sintetica.
A puro titolo di curiosità, e come esempio della potenziale ricchezza di moltissimi prodotti quasi sconosciuti del Sud del mondo, si può ricordare la storia della produzione, nel 1951, da parte dell'industria messicana Syntex, del cortisone dalla diosgenina ricavata dalla radice dell'igname messicano; lo stesso gruppo di chimici americani e messicani, operando nel Messico, preparò, sempre nel 1951, dal testosterone il contraccettivo orale noretindrone, "la pillola" (è questo il titolo di un libro di Carl Djerassi, pubblicato da Garzanti, che racconta tutta questa avventura) che avrebbe fatto diminuire the growth rate of world population and revolutionized sexual mores of billions of pairs. This is an example of how the revolution of biomass could grow in the South and new industries, research and production based on local materials.
The challenge of that nature offers in vegetable and animal products produced each year, with extraordinary regolatrità and on time from the Sun, such a great variety and complication of substances can be accepted only with as much imagination and chemical research. We are facing a difficult chemistry, but that is why the chemical and firms in developed countries could commit themselves, using the finest tools available today to create new goods, processes and employment opportunities, with benefits both the South and the North of the world, remembering that many solutions have been found and were then abandoned, with a depletion of the wealth of knowledge, a process similar to the loss of biodiversity values.
At this point I would respectfully recommend that we pay attention, in consultancy firms, industries, universities, what could be done to characterize, detect, process, the wealth of material goods "solar". A "solar product category" that could start going to bring to light experiences and knowledge of the past forgotten, and which may perhaps in future years e decenni, dare un contributo per farci uscire dalle trappole di un cammino che per ora continua a manifestarsi insostenibile.
Saturday, November 6, 2010
Winchester Model 1400 Mkii Value
growth peak and decline of the goods
IV Congresso ASPO-Italia sul tema: “Terra 3.1”
Trento, Facoltà di Ingegneria, 5-6 Novembre 2010
Giorgio Nebbia nebbia@quipo.it
Questo breve intervento propone la tesi che la maggior parte dei processi di produzione dei beni materiali, che chiamerò “merci”, ottenuti dalla trasformazione di risorse naturali inevitabilmente limitate, o dei processi di utilizzazione (consumo) di merci in un mercato e in uno spazio inevitabilmente limitati, sono destinati ad affrontare un ciclo di crescita a cui segue il raggiungimenti di un massimo di produzione o utilizzazione --- “picco” --- a cui segue una fase di declino, talvolta di scomparsa.
Il fenomeno ha analogie con quelli che si manifestano nelle popolazioni vegetali e animali. La crescita e il declino di una popolazione di merci in un territorio limitato o con risorse limitate può essere in genere descritta con equazioni logistiche con vari termini che frenano la crescita a mano a mano che aumenta la popolazione della merce in esame.
Talvolta la crescita di una popolazione di merci può essere accelerata da incentivi fiscali o una produzione in declino può essere tenuta artificialmente in vita all’avvicinarsi o dopo il raggiungimento del picco, ugualmente con incentivi fiscali, Similar to aggressive treatment, in general, limited and little lasting effect (protectionism in autarky).
will be examined here are some examples of each of these conditions, supporting the view of the inevitability of the growth cycle-peak to decline.
(a) The decline in production of goods depends on impoverished reserves, inevitably limited, the materials extracted from nature. It 's the most frequent and most studied. The phenomenon can occur on a local scale (in this case involves each region), or on a planetary scale.
Examples can be carefully designed to remember the "peak" oil production in individual countries or areas (such as the United States and the North Sea) or in the whole world, the main subject of study of this association Other examples are offered by the exhaustion of reserves of sulfur in Sicily, native sulfur extracted with the Frasch process in the United States and Poland, the phosphate in oceanic islands of Nauru and Christmas, the depletion of reserves in the Plateau Chilean caliche.
(b) Sometimes the decline of the extraction of goods from a reservoir or decline in the use of a production process, followed by a resurrection due to some technical innovation, it is the case of extraction of natural gas in Italy that after a peak around 1973-74 and relative decline, had a recovery, with the achievement of new deposits, resulting in around 1994 and peak current decline.
Other examples are offered by a brief resurrection of the fountain pens compared to the dominant market for pens, a tendency to resurrection, for reasons of fashion or "green" of some natural fibers, which have long since reached the peak of production (hemp and flax) in a market dominated by synthetic fibers.
Chance Claus process, which was developed in the second half of the nineteenth century, to recover sulfur from calcium sulfide, a byproduct of the production of pollutant Leblanc soda, after the cessation of that product availability è resuscitato per recuperare zolfo (fonte di inquinamento) dal gas naturale e dai prodotti petroliferi.
(c) Il declino e la scomparsa di una merce, dopo che ha raggiunto un picco di produzione, sono stati determinati dalla scoperta di effetti nocivi o inquinanti, nel qual caso il suo uso e la sua produzione sono vietati da una autorità o dal comune sentire
Si possono citare, fra i tanti, il caso del piombo tetraetile, del talidomide, del mercurio in molte utilizzazioni, dell’amianto, di insetticidi clorurati a cominciare dal DDT, di alcuni esteri fosforici, di PCB, di alcuni coloranti per alimenti (coloranti liposolubili Sudan), di alcuni coloranti per capelli.
La datazione dei rispettivi peaks can only be made about a lack of statistical data.
(d) The decline can be determined by the introduction of processes that produce the same goods with less consumption of raw materials, energy or money or with less pollution. In these cases usually use the first process or manufacturing the goods, after reaching the peak disappears, and often the second process or commodity, in turn, suffers the competition of another process or merchandise and so on.
An example is provided with the Bessemer process of steel production, driven by steel produced with open hearth process, driven by the process oxygen, the last two substitutions partly due to the need to deal with growing quantities of scrap.
The production of sodium carbonate with the Leblanc process has been replaced by one with the Solvay process due to excessive amounts of waste (calcium sulfide, hydrogen chloride) generated in the Leblanc process whose peak has occurred over the last decades of the nineteenth .
The synthetic indigo has replaced all of the indigo whose peak production has occurred over the last decades of the nineteenth century, the replacement in India has caused a serious economic and social crisis that has accelerated the movement for independence from ' England.
The production of nitric acid by ammonia has replaced the short synthetic production of nitric acid synthetic oven, with a peak in the early twentieth century. In domestic heating in Italy and perhaps in other countries, the use of wood has been supplanted by the use of coke, which in turn was soppiantatati fuel oil, and then from low-sulfur diesel fuel and then mostly methane.
In the production of surfactants and the production of alkyl sulfonated branched alkyl sulphate (obtained using the tetrameter of propylene by-product at a low price to the petrochemical industry), non-biodegradable has been supplanted by that of alchilfolfati or sulfonated linear relation more biodegradable.
Other examples of invasion by the market of goods or processes that have supplanted the background shall be offered by the competition against the parchment paper, as part of lighting kerosene supplanted whale oil, gas lighting HJA replaced the kerosene, the spread of electric lighting has replaced gas lighting.
The transistors have replaced the vacuum tubes, computers have replaced typewriters, fountain pens have replaced the fountain pen and nib.
Each new operating system or computer model has replaced the previous ones, etc. In each of
these transitions are recognizing the growth cycle-peak-decline in commodity or process.
(e) The introduction of goods that meet the same needs but cost less and are more convenient than the existing and dominant, could lead to the coexistence of the two productions, one of which, however, typically declines after reaching a peak.
A case is offered by the competition between soaps and synthetic detergents. Until the first half of the twentieth century the only soap detergent was represented by: the invention of synthetic detergents in the soap has taken away the market for fabric washing, leaving the market to use soap for personal hygiene. The resurrection of the curious little soap (the "Marseille") as an additive to some preparations for washing.
Since the mid-nineteenth century sugar beet was placed in the market of cheaper sugar cane, occupying about one third of the total sugar market, thanks to government incentives in virtually all countries. Such incentives ceased the production of beet sugar declined. In Italy the peak was reached in the early years of this decade and currently Italy refines raw cane sugar.
Olive oil is excellent for cooking oil until the early twentieth century. The emergence of cheaper seed oils has entered the market for edible oils; initially hampered by disincentives tax against oil seeds, now the two types of edible oils coexist, sharing about half of the oil market Italian food, thanks to tax incentives, more or less occult, in respect of olive oil.
Similar situations have occurred with the competition between margarine and butter, including natural rubber and synthetic rubber, including petrol and diesel as fuel for motor vehicles.
The production of steel in electric furnaces from scrap living with full-cycle production process.
The natural fibers (cotton and wool), have been a weak competition from synthetic fibers (cellulose, such as rayon) and strong competition from synthetic fibers that share today, worldwide, about half the market for textile fibers, coexisting with cotton and wool, but after almost completely supplanted hemp and flax.
(f) After a good peaked, the decline can be avoided with temporary operations, aggressive treatment by public subsidies.
Sicilian sulfur production was kept alive during the Fascist autarchy, during periods of war or self-sufficiency, there was a brief appearance of goods or processes, kept alive artificially, then abandoned some technologies, however, are susceptible to temporary resurrections in particular conditions of scarcity of alternative goods. A case
è rappresentato dalla crescita, picco, declino e resurrezione, col nome di bioetanolo, dell’alcol etilico carburante.
(g) Saturazione della soddisfazione dei “consumatori”, cioè della carrying capacity del mercato, ma anche dello spazio disponibile. Ogni persona può possedere o usare una quantità di merci fisiche limitate, al di là delle quali non sa che cosa farsene o dove metterle.
Questo vale per la saturazione del consumo (e declino della produzione) di molti beni mobili: una persona può avere due o tre ma non venti divani o automobili o televisori o frigoriferi, eccetera. Un altro caso è offerto dal declino della produzione di piastrelle che ha raggiunto il picco nel 2001. Per far fronte a questa saturazione fisica del mercato e conseguente pressione dei fabbricanti, i governi e le imprese provvedono o tentano di intervenire con incentivi alla sostituzione di vecchi modelli con nuovi, alla creazione di mode che spingono a tale sostituzione, o con incentivi fiscali come nel caso delle automobili.
Quanto si è detto finora --- e la storia della tecnica e della merceologia --- suggeriscono che si tratta di tentativi di accanimento terapeutico destinati prima o poi all’insuccesso, cioè ad una temporanea ripresa della produzione del consumo seguita da picchi e declini.
La presente breve analisi si propone come suggerimento di comportamenti a governi e ad imprese. Non è possibile continuare a martellare a population of consumers with the myth that you should always buy new goods: cars, mobile phones, appliances, equipment for sound recording, computers, because all the efforts, often very large and expensive to beat the competition by offering new goods that have some alleged innovation, end up clashing with the inevitable limitations of the carrying capacity of the market. These efforts
investment and innovation could be more usefully employed to design the best goods, make them safer and more environmentally sustainable and in the process of manufacture, use and disposal after use. The analysis of growth trends could usefully inform when are close to saturation, and the signs could allow economic forecasts, political and technical able to avoid costly mistakes.
Unfortunately not always consistent and comparable data are available on the production of goods for a period long enough to allow the analysis of growth curves and the development of accurate forecasts. Sometimes the changes are so fast that governments and businesses realize when mistakes have already been made expensive investments, there have been numerous examples of incorrect predictions in the field of telecommunications, energy, transportation. 
IV Congresso ASPO-Italia sul tema: “Terra 3.1”
Trento, Facoltà di Ingegneria, 5-6 Novembre 2010
Giorgio Nebbia nebbia@quipo.it
Questo breve intervento propone la tesi che la maggior parte dei processi di produzione dei beni materiali, che chiamerò “merci”, ottenuti dalla trasformazione di risorse naturali inevitabilmente limitate, o dei processi di utilizzazione (consumo) di merci in un mercato e in uno spazio inevitabilmente limitati, sono destinati ad affrontare un ciclo di crescita a cui segue il raggiungimenti di un massimo di produzione o utilizzazione --- “picco” --- a cui segue una fase di declino, talvolta di scomparsa.
Il fenomeno ha analogie con quelli che si manifestano nelle popolazioni vegetali e animali. La crescita e il declino di una popolazione di merci in un territorio limitato o con risorse limitate può essere in genere descritta con equazioni logistiche con vari termini che frenano la crescita a mano a mano che aumenta la popolazione della merce in esame.
Talvolta la crescita di una popolazione di merci può essere accelerata da incentivi fiscali o una produzione in declino può essere tenuta artificialmente in vita all’avvicinarsi o dopo il raggiungimento del picco, ugualmente con incentivi fiscali, Similar to aggressive treatment, in general, limited and little lasting effect (protectionism in autarky).
will be examined here are some examples of each of these conditions, supporting the view of the inevitability of the growth cycle-peak to decline.
(a) The decline in production of goods depends on impoverished reserves, inevitably limited, the materials extracted from nature. It 's the most frequent and most studied. The phenomenon can occur on a local scale (in this case involves each region), or on a planetary scale.
Examples can be carefully designed to remember the "peak" oil production in individual countries or areas (such as the United States and the North Sea) or in the whole world, the main subject of study of this association Other examples are offered by the exhaustion of reserves of sulfur in Sicily, native sulfur extracted with the Frasch process in the United States and Poland, the phosphate in oceanic islands of Nauru and Christmas, the depletion of reserves in the Plateau Chilean caliche.
(b) Sometimes the decline of the extraction of goods from a reservoir or decline in the use of a production process, followed by a resurrection due to some technical innovation, it is the case of extraction of natural gas in Italy that after a peak around 1973-74 and relative decline, had a recovery, with the achievement of new deposits, resulting in around 1994 and peak current decline.
Other examples are offered by a brief resurrection of the fountain pens compared to the dominant market for pens, a tendency to resurrection, for reasons of fashion or "green" of some natural fibers, which have long since reached the peak of production (hemp and flax) in a market dominated by synthetic fibers.
Chance Claus process, which was developed in the second half of the nineteenth century, to recover sulfur from calcium sulfide, a byproduct of the production of pollutant Leblanc soda, after the cessation of that product availability è resuscitato per recuperare zolfo (fonte di inquinamento) dal gas naturale e dai prodotti petroliferi.
(c) Il declino e la scomparsa di una merce, dopo che ha raggiunto un picco di produzione, sono stati determinati dalla scoperta di effetti nocivi o inquinanti, nel qual caso il suo uso e la sua produzione sono vietati da una autorità o dal comune sentire
Si possono citare, fra i tanti, il caso del piombo tetraetile, del talidomide, del mercurio in molte utilizzazioni, dell’amianto, di insetticidi clorurati a cominciare dal DDT, di alcuni esteri fosforici, di PCB, di alcuni coloranti per alimenti (coloranti liposolubili Sudan), di alcuni coloranti per capelli.
La datazione dei rispettivi peaks can only be made about a lack of statistical data.
(d) The decline can be determined by the introduction of processes that produce the same goods with less consumption of raw materials, energy or money or with less pollution. In these cases usually use the first process or manufacturing the goods, after reaching the peak disappears, and often the second process or commodity, in turn, suffers the competition of another process or merchandise and so on.
An example is provided with the Bessemer process of steel production, driven by steel produced with open hearth process, driven by the process oxygen, the last two substitutions partly due to the need to deal with growing quantities of scrap.
The production of sodium carbonate with the Leblanc process has been replaced by one with the Solvay process due to excessive amounts of waste (calcium sulfide, hydrogen chloride) generated in the Leblanc process whose peak has occurred over the last decades of the nineteenth .
The synthetic indigo has replaced all of the indigo whose peak production has occurred over the last decades of the nineteenth century, the replacement in India has caused a serious economic and social crisis that has accelerated the movement for independence from ' England.
The production of nitric acid by ammonia has replaced the short synthetic production of nitric acid synthetic oven, with a peak in the early twentieth century. In domestic heating in Italy and perhaps in other countries, the use of wood has been supplanted by the use of coke, which in turn was soppiantatati fuel oil, and then from low-sulfur diesel fuel and then mostly methane.
In the production of surfactants and the production of alkyl sulfonated branched alkyl sulphate (obtained using the tetrameter of propylene by-product at a low price to the petrochemical industry), non-biodegradable has been supplanted by that of alchilfolfati or sulfonated linear relation more biodegradable.
Other examples of invasion by the market of goods or processes that have supplanted the background shall be offered by the competition against the parchment paper, as part of lighting kerosene supplanted whale oil, gas lighting HJA replaced the kerosene, the spread of electric lighting has replaced gas lighting.
The transistors have replaced the vacuum tubes, computers have replaced typewriters, fountain pens have replaced the fountain pen and nib.
Each new operating system or computer model has replaced the previous ones, etc. In each of
these transitions are recognizing the growth cycle-peak-decline in commodity or process.
(e) The introduction of goods that meet the same needs but cost less and are more convenient than the existing and dominant, could lead to the coexistence of the two productions, one of which, however, typically declines after reaching a peak.
A case is offered by the competition between soaps and synthetic detergents. Until the first half of the twentieth century the only soap detergent was represented by: the invention of synthetic detergents in the soap has taken away the market for fabric washing, leaving the market to use soap for personal hygiene. The resurrection of the curious little soap (the "Marseille") as an additive to some preparations for washing.
Since the mid-nineteenth century sugar beet was placed in the market of cheaper sugar cane, occupying about one third of the total sugar market, thanks to government incentives in virtually all countries. Such incentives ceased the production of beet sugar declined. In Italy the peak was reached in the early years of this decade and currently Italy refines raw cane sugar.
Olive oil is excellent for cooking oil until the early twentieth century. The emergence of cheaper seed oils has entered the market for edible oils; initially hampered by disincentives tax against oil seeds, now the two types of edible oils coexist, sharing about half of the oil market Italian food, thanks to tax incentives, more or less occult, in respect of olive oil.
Similar situations have occurred with the competition between margarine and butter, including natural rubber and synthetic rubber, including petrol and diesel as fuel for motor vehicles.
The production of steel in electric furnaces from scrap living with full-cycle production process.
The natural fibers (cotton and wool), have been a weak competition from synthetic fibers (cellulose, such as rayon) and strong competition from synthetic fibers that share today, worldwide, about half the market for textile fibers, coexisting with cotton and wool, but after almost completely supplanted hemp and flax.
(f) After a good peaked, the decline can be avoided with temporary operations, aggressive treatment by public subsidies.
Sicilian sulfur production was kept alive during the Fascist autarchy, during periods of war or self-sufficiency, there was a brief appearance of goods or processes, kept alive artificially, then abandoned some technologies, however, are susceptible to temporary resurrections in particular conditions of scarcity of alternative goods. A case
è rappresentato dalla crescita, picco, declino e resurrezione, col nome di bioetanolo, dell’alcol etilico carburante.
(g) Saturazione della soddisfazione dei “consumatori”, cioè della carrying capacity del mercato, ma anche dello spazio disponibile. Ogni persona può possedere o usare una quantità di merci fisiche limitate, al di là delle quali non sa che cosa farsene o dove metterle.
Questo vale per la saturazione del consumo (e declino della produzione) di molti beni mobili: una persona può avere due o tre ma non venti divani o automobili o televisori o frigoriferi, eccetera. Un altro caso è offerto dal declino della produzione di piastrelle che ha raggiunto il picco nel 2001. Per far fronte a questa saturazione fisica del mercato e conseguente pressione dei fabbricanti, i governi e le imprese provvedono o tentano di intervenire con incentivi alla sostituzione di vecchi modelli con nuovi, alla creazione di mode che spingono a tale sostituzione, o con incentivi fiscali come nel caso delle automobili.
Quanto si è detto finora --- e la storia della tecnica e della merceologia --- suggeriscono che si tratta di tentativi di accanimento terapeutico destinati prima o poi all’insuccesso, cioè ad una temporanea ripresa della produzione del consumo seguita da picchi e declini.
La presente breve analisi si propone come suggerimento di comportamenti a governi e ad imprese. Non è possibile continuare a martellare a population of consumers with the myth that you should always buy new goods: cars, mobile phones, appliances, equipment for sound recording, computers, because all the efforts, often very large and expensive to beat the competition by offering new goods that have some alleged innovation, end up clashing with the inevitable limitations of the carrying capacity of the market. These efforts
investment and innovation could be more usefully employed to design the best goods, make them safer and more environmentally sustainable and in the process of manufacture, use and disposal after use. The analysis of growth trends could usefully inform when are close to saturation, and the signs could allow economic forecasts, political and technical able to avoid costly mistakes.
Unfortunately not always consistent and comparable data are available on the production of goods for a period long enough to allow the analysis of growth curves and the development of accurate forecasts. Sometimes the changes are so fast that governments and businesses realize when mistakes have already been made expensive investments, there have been numerous examples of incorrect predictions in the field of telecommunications, energy, transportation.
Friday, October 29, 2010
Wedding Dj Things To Say
The foundation of Jeet Kune Do techniques
"Le Tecniche migliori sono quelle semplici eseguite correttamente" Bruce Lee
Train To Woodbury Commons
"Il Jeet Kune Do non gira intorno alle cose. Non prende strade secondarie. Va dritto allo scopo. La distanza più breve tra due punti è la semplicità" Bruce Lee
Monday, October 25, 2010
Roger Online Security How Good Is It
What's "inside" the goods?
Ecole, May 2002 Giorgio Nebbia
nebbia@quipo.it
Each persona è immersa in un mondo di merci: basta entrare in un negozio di alimentari per trovare innumerevoli tipi di conserve, di grassi, di dolciumi, di bottiglie d'acqua; basta entrare in una cartoleria per essere circondati da penne, carta, giocattoli; basta camminare per la strada per essere attratti da scarpe e pantaloni, da telefoni mobili--- quelli chiamati affettuosamente "telefonini" --- da televisori, giornali e dischi di videogiochi --- che fanno bella mostra di se nelle vetrine dei negozi o delle edicole, o sui teli degli ambulanti, distesi sulla strada.
Tutte le merci si presentano e ci parlano: "Io sono la marmellata"; "Io sono fatto di tela jeans"; "Io sono fatto di cioccolata", eccetera. As if these names tell us the nature, origin and meaning of what is offered, but do not say nothing. In a footnote on page of the first chapter of Capital, Karl Marx said that "in bourgeois society dominates the legal fiction that every man, as a buyer of goods, possesses an encyclopedic knowledge of the goods."
All information provided to customers are included in the price, appearance, ie, in the colors, packaging, shape, and messages sent to buyers and sellers through advertising. There was once a product category, a discipline taught in business schools and universities, which had as its purpose the description delle merci, come sono fatte, che cosa contengono, da dove vengono, dove vanno.
Ciascun oggetto, dai prodotti alimentari, a quelli tessili, ai metalli presenti negli elettrodomestici o nelle automobili, al vetro delle lampade, al rame dei fili elettrici, ha una sua storia naturale, è stato ottenuto da risorse naturali --- vegetali, animali, minerali, pietre, fonti energetiche --- che sono state trasformate, mediante lavoro umano e mediante "storia": la gomma dei copertoni oggi è così come la conosciamo perché innumerevoli persone hanno scoperto l'esistenza delle piante della gomma, ne hanno analizzato il lattice, hanno modificato le caratteristiche del caucciù, l'hanno copiato fabbricandone per sintesi a surrogate, and so on. The cash price says nothing of this natural history, human and political.
The rubber plant in Thailand, or oil from which it is the raw material for synthetic rubber, the work of Indonesian peasants or the workers of the petrochemical plants or Gulf of Gela, are not equal, nor are risks or equal civil rights of those workers.
critical consumers therefore means buying goods knowing and examining them critically, in fact, the information is "inside" each object. Something is already being done, when some organizations suggest a boycott of goods, such as certain textiles, shoes and carpets, which are accessible us at such a low price because they are obtained using a very low price of child labor, because they are obtained by destroying forests and polluting the air and water, or to boycott products sold by agricultural corporations that fund fascist governments in the South.
Many goods have a "violent content" very large, and when we buy, all happy because they are cheap, we also participate, indirectly and unwittingly, to such violence. I gathered some idea of \u200b\u200bthis kind in the handbook "The goods and values", published by Jacabook Milan and I would modestly suggest some ways in which the school could contribute to spreading awareness of its "Critical consumption".
The first question to be asked before a question is: "what's inside?". Take the paper from a newspaper or a book (almost) all readers know that in the paper is cellulose, shredded and compressed in the form of thin sheet capable of absorbing the ink well pen or the press. But the cellulose of a newspaper has come a long way: a few months ago was contained in the timber woods, Canadian or Swedish, Brazilian and Indonesian, sometimes cultivated and regenerated with care, sometimes savage cuts leaving behind land exposed to erosion.
Who were the owners of the woods? Who were the workers who cut them? the professor of geography molte occasioni per illustrare la distribuzione nel mondo di questa, come di altre materie prime (piante alimentari, bestiame, minerali metallici, carbone, petrolio), mettendo in evidenza le condizioni economiche e sociali in cui tali materie prime sono estratte.
Ma prima di diventare carta la cellulosa ha fatto una lunga strada: i tronchi sono stati trasportati lungo fiumi e strade e ferrovie, sono stati frantumati dopo separazione della corteccia, poi i "chips" sono stati trattati chimicamente per separare la cellulosa dalle sostanze brunastre indesiderabili che si chiamano lignine. Il docente di discipline scientifiche o tecniche ai vari livelli ha, se vuole, un ruolo centrale nella descrizione di questa trasformazione. La cellulosa purificata crude is processed into pulp and its chemical operations involving air and water pollution.
Teachers of economics can help students to review the statistics (some are also found in the popular "Calendario Atlante De Agostini"), and can explain that Italy, for example, in 2008 consumed about 11 million tonnes paper and paperboard, partly imported and partly manufactured from imported pulp.
The history teacher can, if you will, to "tell" the extraordinary (and exciting) story of the seemingly trivial matter when it is in the notebooks, books, newspapers, packaging, a story paper that dates back thousands of years ago, and is held from China via the Arabs, to medieval Europe, starting from Amalfi. Although up to 150 years ago, the cellulose paper was from rags are recovered from waste by special craftsmen who were "ecology", long before we discover ourselves. By the way the whole history of the goods, offering the opportunity to remember the debt of gratitude that Europe, now so full of himself, should the Far East, the Muslim world, the native peoples of Latin America.
I said before that Italy consumes ten million tonnes of paper and board, but I said nonsense. We do not consume all the goods: the newspaper after a few hours becomes waste paper, packaging is thrown away after a few days after their use, just books in a library can last a few years, the paper used, those 11 million tonnes before mentioned, ends up (with all its "contents" of cellulose, energy, human labor) to about half in landfills or incinerators, one half is collected properly and that the food industry that turns used paper into new paper and board, while avoiding the failures of the ecological destruction of forests .
Beyond the price, a critical consumption should be geared to the purchase of recycled paper and cartons, how do you recognize? sometimes it is written on paper and books newspapers, there is sometimes a symbol used on cartons and packaging, but how many of us are able, or are trying to recognize the most "value" (in terms of work, less water, energy, materials scarce natural raw) of recycled goods?
A turn toward the critical consumption needs, in my opinion, a commitment from the school, at all levels, for the description of goods with which the pupils come into contact, that description is possible to recognize the "content" of subjects, energy, water, labor, each of them. At this point the critical consumption may prefer the goods that require less energy, less water, less non-renewable materials, which generate less waste gases, liquids and solids, which did not require labor exploited at low or at an early age, which last longer, requiring less maintenance --- throughout the life cycle of each product.
I realize that it is not easy task, especially since no magazines and books that deal in this way, the natural history and social goods, there is no dictionary or an encyclopedia of goods, missing their culture merchandise, with the 'aggravating infiltrates advertising in newspapers and the media and does get messages that are often distorted, often through the mouths of people seemingly authoritative, but they know nothing of marketable goods. 
Ecole, May 2002 Giorgio Nebbia
nebbia@quipo.it
Each persona è immersa in un mondo di merci: basta entrare in un negozio di alimentari per trovare innumerevoli tipi di conserve, di grassi, di dolciumi, di bottiglie d'acqua; basta entrare in una cartoleria per essere circondati da penne, carta, giocattoli; basta camminare per la strada per essere attratti da scarpe e pantaloni, da telefoni mobili--- quelli chiamati affettuosamente "telefonini" --- da televisori, giornali e dischi di videogiochi --- che fanno bella mostra di se nelle vetrine dei negozi o delle edicole, o sui teli degli ambulanti, distesi sulla strada.
Tutte le merci si presentano e ci parlano: "Io sono la marmellata"; "Io sono fatto di tela jeans"; "Io sono fatto di cioccolata", eccetera. As if these names tell us the nature, origin and meaning of what is offered, but do not say nothing. In a footnote on page of the first chapter of Capital, Karl Marx said that "in bourgeois society dominates the legal fiction that every man, as a buyer of goods, possesses an encyclopedic knowledge of the goods."
All information provided to customers are included in the price, appearance, ie, in the colors, packaging, shape, and messages sent to buyers and sellers through advertising. There was once a product category, a discipline taught in business schools and universities, which had as its purpose the description delle merci, come sono fatte, che cosa contengono, da dove vengono, dove vanno.
Ciascun oggetto, dai prodotti alimentari, a quelli tessili, ai metalli presenti negli elettrodomestici o nelle automobili, al vetro delle lampade, al rame dei fili elettrici, ha una sua storia naturale, è stato ottenuto da risorse naturali --- vegetali, animali, minerali, pietre, fonti energetiche --- che sono state trasformate, mediante lavoro umano e mediante "storia": la gomma dei copertoni oggi è così come la conosciamo perché innumerevoli persone hanno scoperto l'esistenza delle piante della gomma, ne hanno analizzato il lattice, hanno modificato le caratteristiche del caucciù, l'hanno copiato fabbricandone per sintesi a surrogate, and so on. The cash price says nothing of this natural history, human and political.
The rubber plant in Thailand, or oil from which it is the raw material for synthetic rubber, the work of Indonesian peasants or the workers of the petrochemical plants or Gulf of Gela, are not equal, nor are risks or equal civil rights of those workers.
critical consumers therefore means buying goods knowing and examining them critically, in fact, the information is "inside" each object. Something is already being done, when some organizations suggest a boycott of goods, such as certain textiles, shoes and carpets, which are accessible us at such a low price because they are obtained using a very low price of child labor, because they are obtained by destroying forests and polluting the air and water, or to boycott products sold by agricultural corporations that fund fascist governments in the South.
Many goods have a "violent content" very large, and when we buy, all happy because they are cheap, we also participate, indirectly and unwittingly, to such violence. I gathered some idea of \u200b\u200bthis kind in the handbook "The goods and values", published by Jacabook Milan and I would modestly suggest some ways in which the school could contribute to spreading awareness of its "Critical consumption".
The first question to be asked before a question is: "what's inside?". Take the paper from a newspaper or a book (almost) all readers know that in the paper is cellulose, shredded and compressed in the form of thin sheet capable of absorbing the ink well pen or the press. But the cellulose of a newspaper has come a long way: a few months ago was contained in the timber woods, Canadian or Swedish, Brazilian and Indonesian, sometimes cultivated and regenerated with care, sometimes savage cuts leaving behind land exposed to erosion.
Who were the owners of the woods? Who were the workers who cut them? the professor of geography molte occasioni per illustrare la distribuzione nel mondo di questa, come di altre materie prime (piante alimentari, bestiame, minerali metallici, carbone, petrolio), mettendo in evidenza le condizioni economiche e sociali in cui tali materie prime sono estratte.
Ma prima di diventare carta la cellulosa ha fatto una lunga strada: i tronchi sono stati trasportati lungo fiumi e strade e ferrovie, sono stati frantumati dopo separazione della corteccia, poi i "chips" sono stati trattati chimicamente per separare la cellulosa dalle sostanze brunastre indesiderabili che si chiamano lignine. Il docente di discipline scientifiche o tecniche ai vari livelli ha, se vuole, un ruolo centrale nella descrizione di questa trasformazione. La cellulosa purificata crude is processed into pulp and its chemical operations involving air and water pollution.
Teachers of economics can help students to review the statistics (some are also found in the popular "Calendario Atlante De Agostini"), and can explain that Italy, for example, in 2008 consumed about 11 million tonnes paper and paperboard, partly imported and partly manufactured from imported pulp.
The history teacher can, if you will, to "tell" the extraordinary (and exciting) story of the seemingly trivial matter when it is in the notebooks, books, newspapers, packaging, a story paper that dates back thousands of years ago, and is held from China via the Arabs, to medieval Europe, starting from Amalfi. Although up to 150 years ago, the cellulose paper was from rags are recovered from waste by special craftsmen who were "ecology", long before we discover ourselves. By the way the whole history of the goods, offering the opportunity to remember the debt of gratitude that Europe, now so full of himself, should the Far East, the Muslim world, the native peoples of Latin America.
I said before that Italy consumes ten million tonnes of paper and board, but I said nonsense. We do not consume all the goods: the newspaper after a few hours becomes waste paper, packaging is thrown away after a few days after their use, just books in a library can last a few years, the paper used, those 11 million tonnes before mentioned, ends up (with all its "contents" of cellulose, energy, human labor) to about half in landfills or incinerators, one half is collected properly and that the food industry that turns used paper into new paper and board, while avoiding the failures of the ecological destruction of forests .
Beyond the price, a critical consumption should be geared to the purchase of recycled paper and cartons, how do you recognize? sometimes it is written on paper and books newspapers, there is sometimes a symbol used on cartons and packaging, but how many of us are able, or are trying to recognize the most "value" (in terms of work, less water, energy, materials scarce natural raw) of recycled goods?
A turn toward the critical consumption needs, in my opinion, a commitment from the school, at all levels, for the description of goods with which the pupils come into contact, that description is possible to recognize the "content" of subjects, energy, water, labor, each of them. At this point the critical consumption may prefer the goods that require less energy, less water, less non-renewable materials, which generate less waste gases, liquids and solids, which did not require labor exploited at low or at an early age, which last longer, requiring less maintenance --- throughout the life cycle of each product.
I realize that it is not easy task, especially since no magazines and books that deal in this way, the natural history and social goods, there is no dictionary or an encyclopedia of goods, missing their culture merchandise, with the 'aggravating infiltrates advertising in newspapers and the media and does get messages that are often distorted, often through the mouths of people seemingly authoritative, but they know nothing of marketable goods.
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